All Philosophical Problems Caused by Sloppy Reasoning Essay

Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 14 Free Essays

string(59) the elongated ball we’d been hurling fourteen days before. I woke the following morning and extended my arms outward, discouraged when I contacted only goose-down cushions. A slight space in the sleeping pad close to me was the main verification that what had happened had been genuine, and not one of the fever dreams I’d been having since Rosalyn’s passing. Obviously, I couldn’t expect Katherine to have gone through the night with me. We will compose a custom article test on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 14 or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Not with her house cleaner holding up at the carriage house, and not with the manner in which the hirelings talked. She’d revealed to me herself this must be our mystery, that she couldn’t hazard destroying her notoriety. Not that she needed to stress over that. I needed us to have our own mystery world, together. I pondered when she’d sneaked away, recalling the sentiment of her in my arms, a glow and gentility I’d never felt. I felt like everything is ok, and settled, and the thoughtof Rosalyn was only a dubious memory, a character in an unsavory story that I’d basically reset my head. Presently my brain was overcome with considerations of Katherine: how she pulled the shades shut as the mid year storm pelted hail on the windows, how she’d permitted my hands to investigate her dazzling body. At a certain point, I was touching her neck when my hands fell on the fasten of the lavish blue appearance neckband she generally wore. I started to unclasp it when Katherine had generally driven me away. â€Å"Don’t!† she’d said pointedly, her hands traveling to the catch, ensuring nothing had been upset. Be that as it may, at that point, when she praised the appeal into place on the empty of her neck, she’d continued kissing me. I reddened as I recalled the various spots she allowed me to contact. I swung my legs up, strolled toward the hand bowl, and sprinkled water all over. I glanced in the mirror and grinned. The dark circles were gone from my eyes, and it not, at this point felt like a push to stroll from one side of the space to the next. I changed into my petticoat and dim blue breeches and left the chambers murmuring. â€Å"Sir?† Alfred asked on the steps. He was holding a silver-domed platterâ€my breakfast. My lip nestled into. How might I have lain in bed for a whole week when there was an entire world to find with Katherine? â€Å"I’m very well, thank you, Alfred,† I said as I used the stairwell two at once. The tempest from the previous evening had vanished as fast as it came. In the sunroom, the early-morning light was shining through the floor-to-roof windows, and the table was enlivened with newly cut daisies. Damon was at that point there, drinking a cup of espresso while flipping through the morning paper from Richmond. â€Å"Hello, brother!† Damon stated, holding up his espresso cup as though he were toasting me. â€Å"My, you look well. Did our evening ride benefit you, after all?† I gestured and sat inverse him, looking at the title texts on the paper. The Union had taken Fort Morgan. I pondered where precisely that was. â€Å"I don’t know why we even get the paper. Dislike Father thinks about anything aside from the accounts he makes up in his head,† Damon said disgustedly. â€Å"If you detest it here so much, why don’t you just leave?† I asked, out of nowhere irritated with Damon’s consistent protesting. Perhaps it would be better on the off chance that he were gone, with the goal that Father wouldn’t be so disappointed. A terrible voice in the rear of my brain quietly included, And so I don’t need to consider you and Katherine, swinging on the yard swing together. Damon raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Well, I’d be neglectful in the event that I didn’t make statements were intriguing here.† His lips bended in a private kind of grin that made me abruptly need to snatch his shoulders and shake him. The power of my feelings astounded me, to such an extent that I needed to plunk down and push into my mouth a biscuit from the flooding bin on the table. I’d never felt envious of my sibling, yet unexpectedly I was biting the dust to know: Had Katherine ever snuck up to his room? She couldn’t have. The previous evening, she’d appeared to be so anxious about getting captured, having me guarantee again and again that I’d never inhale a word to anyone about what we’d done. Betsy, the cook, came in, her arms weighed down with plates of corn meal, bacon, and eggs. My stomach thundered, and I understood I was starving. I immediately took care of, delighting in the saltiness of the eggs joined with the sweet harshness of my espresso. It was as though I’d never tasted breakfast and my faculties were at last stirred. I murmured in happiness, and Damon turned upward in delight. â€Å"I realized all you required was some natural air and great food,† Damon said. Furthermore, Katherine, I thought. â€Å"Now let’s head outside and cause some trouble.† Damon grinned underhandedly. â€Å"Father’s in his investigation, doing his evil presence contemplates. Do you realize he even has Robert in on it?† Damon shook his head in appall. I murmured. While I didn’t fundamentally accept all the conversation about evil spirits, I respected Father enough to not ridicule his considerations. It caused me to feel ambiguously traitorous to hear Damon’s excusal of him. â€Å"I’m sorry, brother.† Damon shook his head and scratched his seat back against the record floor. â€Å"I know you don’t like it when Father and I fight.† He strolled over to me, pulling out my seat from under me, nearly making me fall. I mixed to my feet and great naturedly pushed him back. â€Å"That’s better!† Damon called with happiness. â€Å"Now, let’s go!† He ran out the secondary passage, letting the entryway hammer shut. Cordelia used to shout at us for that offense as youngsters, and I giggled when I heard her recognizable moan from the kitchen. I ran toward the focal point of the grass, where Damon had uncovered the elliptical ball we’d been hurling fourteen days prior. You read Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 14 in class Paper models â€Å"Here, sibling! Catch!† Damon gasped, and I transformed and jumped into the air, in the nick of time to get the pigskin in my arms. I pulled it firmly to my chest and started running toward the stable, the breeze whipping my face. â€Å"Y boys!† a voice called, halting me in my ou tracks. Katherine was remaining on the yard of the carriage house, wearing a straightforward, cream-hued muslin dress and looking so guiltless and sweet that I couldn’t accept that what happened the previous evening wasn’t a fantasy. â€Å"Burning off abundance vitality? â€Å" I timidly convoluted and strolled toward the patio. â€Å"Playing catch!† I clarified, quickly tossing the ball to Damon. Katherine came to behind her, twisting her twists down the rear of her neck. I had an unexpected dread that she thought we were tedious with our immature game and that she’d come around here to admonish us for waking her so early. In any case, she essentially grinned as she chose the yard swing. â€Å"Are you prepared to play?† Damon called from his situation on the yard. He kept the ball far down behind his head as though he were going to toss it toward her. â€Å"Absolutely not.† Katherine wrinkled her nose. â€Å"Once was sufficient. Moreover, I feel individuals who need props for their games and sports are deficient in imagination.† â€Å"Stefan has imagination.† Damon smiled. â€Å"Y ought to hear him read verse. He’s like a ou troubadour.† He failed and ran toward the patio. â€Å"Damon has creative mind. as well. Y should see ou the innovative way he plays cards,† I prodded as I arrived at the means of the yard. Katherine gestured at me as I bowed to her yet didn’t put forth some other attempt to welcome me. I ventured back, quickly stung. Why hadn’t she in any event given me her hand to kiss? Hadn’t the previous evening implied anything to her? † I am innovative, particularly when I have a muse.† Damon winked at Katherine, at that point stepped before me to snatch her hand. He carried it to his lips, and my stomach beat. â€Å"Thank you,† Katherine stated, standing up and strolling down the yard steps, her basic skirts washing down the steps. With her hair pulled once more from her eyes, she helped me to remember a holy messenger. She gave me a mystery grin, lastly I loose. â€Å"It’s lovely here,† Katherine stated, spreading her arms as though favoring the whole home. â€Å"Will you show me around?† she asked, turning and looking first at Damon, at that point at me, at that point back at Damon once more. â€Å"I’ve lived here for over about fourteen days, and I’ve scarcely observed anything but my bedchambers and the nurseries. I need to see something new. Something secret!† â€Å"We have a maze,† I said idiotically. Damon elbowed me in the ribs. Dislike he had anything better to state. â€Å"I know,† Katherine said. â€Å"Damon demonstrated me.† My stomach fell at the token of how much time both of them had gone through together in the week I was in my sickbed. What's more, if he’d indicated her the labyrinth †¦ Be that as it may, I pushed the idea off of my mind as well as can be expected. Damon had consistently enlightened me regarding all the ladies he’d kissed, since the time we were thirteen and he and Amelia Hawke had kissed on the Wickery Bridge. In the event that he had kissed Katherine, I would have caught wind of it. â€Å"I’d love to see it again,† Katherine stated, applauding together as though I’d just disclosed to her the most intriguing news with regards to the world. â€Å"Will you both escort me?† she asked ideally, looking at us. â€Å"Of course,† we said simultaneously. â€Å"Oh, magnificent! I should tell Emily.† Katherine ran inside, leaving us stan

Anne Brontë, Anger, and the Resonance of Assault in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

Anne Brontë, Anger, and the Resonance of Assault in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Anne Brontë was angry as hell. Two weeks ago, on a  whim and the kind of Brontë kick that good, gloomy autumn weather often inspires in me, I decided to reread The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. I hadnt read it in years but within minutes of cracking the pages,  I was struck by this fact all over again: Anne Brontë was angry. Her reputation as the least interesting and exciting of the Brontë sisters, the piety of her novels, and the contemporary accounts of her as mild, meek, and gentle obscure this fact, but she was. Anne Brontës anger is evident in virtually every page of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, her second, final, and most famous novel. In it she depicts, with what was for the time, graphic detail, the physical decline of a debauched  rake and the emotional and psychological abuses he inflicts. She exposes how a  bad marriages  to a  bad man can trap, subjugate and oppress a woman. She excoriates a society that is fraught with dangers and seeks only to keep them in the dark. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is a sort of layered epistolary novel. Its first and final quarters of consist of letters written by gentleman farmer named Gilbert Markham to his brother-in-law looking back on Gilberts growing intimacy with a mysterious widow, Helen. Sandwiched in between Gilberts letters is Helens diary, reproduced in full, detailing her terrible marriage to the reprobate Arthur Huntington. Huntington is utterly dissolute: he is flagrantly adulterous; he consumes both alcohol and opium in excess; he manipulates and abuses his wife, and deliberately corrupts his young  son. Under English law at the time Brontë wrote her novel, women were not permitted to own property separate from their husbands, could not have custody of their children, and could be compelled to return their husbands if they left. Brontë presents Helens marriage as an impossible trap: the law does not permit Helen to leave but Helens moral integrity and concern for her sons welfare do not allow her to stay. She endures Huntingtons physical and mental decline and flagrant infidelities until she can endure them no longer and risks everything to leave him. In depicting Huntingtons decline and his tyranny over a household, it is generally accepted that Brontë drew from life. Her brother Branwell abused alcohol and opium for much of his adult life, and squandered the few opportunities the Brontë family could give him, including when he got fired from a position with Annes longterm employers for having an affair with the lady of the house. Indeed, Anne Brontë seemed generally motivated by a strong desire to throw back the veil on all that she had seen and experienced. In her preface to the second edition of the book she stated her intention in writing plainly: I wished to tell the truth, for the truth always conveys its own moral to those who are able to receive it. Even in this Preface, Brontës anger is evident. She chafes against critics that called her novel coarse and brutal and called for her to to be more circumspect in her portrayal of evil. When we have to do with vice and vicious characters, she counters, I maintain it is better to depict them as they are than as they would wish to appear. As I reread her novel and as the news of the past few weeks unfolded, this particular passage, this passionate resistance of  the duplicity of vice and vicious characters, stuck with me. Because I became angry too. ********** Helen’s decision to leave her husband has been described as the door slam heard across Victorian England. It was an electrifying moment for a society that was in the midst of grappling with the legal rights of women and starting to reckon with womens subjugation in marriage, the  law and society at large. But what struck me when rereading The Tenant of Wildfell Hall werent the most dramatic moments of marital betrayal; it was the unsettling familiarity of the smaller, everyday indignities and abuse that characterize Helens relationships with all the men in her life, and especially a particular pattern of violation that repeats throughout the novel. In the early days of their courtship and engagement Helen is infatuated with Huntington and inclined to chalk his treatment of her as his natural passion overwhelming his sense of propriety. But the language Bronte has her use to describe their interactions belies a mounting concern and awareness of their violent tenor. In one of their earliest interactions, Helen records how “[H]e seized my hand and held it, much against my will … ‘Let me go, Mr. Huntington’ … I made a desperate effort to free my hand from his grasp … ‘I will go!’ cried I… the instant he released my hand he had the audacity to put his arm around my neck and kiss me.” This is the first but not the last of many such instances; in another, Helen describes how Huntington nearly squeez[ed] me to death and smothered me with kisses over her protests and repeated requests to stop. After a few years of marriage, Huntington’s affection for his wife (such as it was) vanishes, but his violations do not. At a party in their own home, Helen finds her husband kissing his friend’s wife. Huntington adds insult to injury by ridiculing Helen and falls to his knees in front of Helen in a sarcastic public apology. When Helen tries to leave quietly and deny him the reaction he so clearly wants, he follows her up the stairs to block her escape. Helen writes that he “caught me in his arm,” and insisted ‘No, no, by heaven, you shant escape me so!’” Helen is victimized but angry: she describes herself in a passion, warning her husband against continuing to treat her this way and looking steadfastly on him till he almost quailed before me. Helen suffers similarly at the hands of Walter Hargrave, the brother of one of her close friends (this friend, Millicent, suffers violently at the hands of her own husband). Walter initially appears sympathetic to Helen’s plight and critical of her husband, but Helen (rightly) mistrusts him. Hargrave is what today we might call a Nice Guy(tm). He tries to ingratiate himself with Helen not because is truly her friend, but because he wants to be her lover, and he berates her when she refuses him. Hargrave never directly states his intentions so Helen cannot directly reject him, but she regularly implies that she would not be receptive to his romantic overtures and does not want to hear them. After discovering her husband having sex with his his mistress, Helen tries to take a moment alone in her library. Hargrave follows her into the room and Helen writes that he “boldly made to intercept me at the door” before grabbing her and launching into a confession of his feelings. He propositions Helen and attempts to play on her vulnerable situation to convince her to become his mistress. Helen describes how he refuses to take no for an answer: “I snatched away the hand he had presumed to seize and press between his own. But he was in for it now; he had fairly broken the barrier: he was completely roused, and determined to hazard all for victory. ‘I must not be denied,’ exclaimed he vehemently; and seizing both my hands, he held them very tight … ‘Let me go, Mr Hargrave!’ said I sternly. But he only tightened his grasp. ‘Let me go!’ I repeated, quivering with indignation.” This scene, an escalation of even Huntingtons abuses, reads as shocking in its directness, even now.  It is, irrefutably, a thwarted rape. Helen extracts herself, only to have Hargraveâ€" calling her his angel and his divinityâ€" lunge for her again. It isnt until she literally pulls a knife on him to defend herself that he releases her. And when she does, she notes his reaction with satisfaction: he stood and gazed at me in astonishment; I dare say I looked as fierce and resolute as he. As with Huntington, Helen is indignant, fierce, resolute â€" angry. Hargrave and Huntington are certainly responsible for the worst of the manipulation and abuse Helen suffers, but not for all of it. One of the most complicated aspects of Brontës novel and certainly the most difficult to reconcile is the extent to which the co-narrator and ostensible romantic leads treatment of Helen mirrors her treatment at the hands of the novels obvious villains. Grappling with how and to what extent Brontë is turning her critical eye on Gilbert would be another essay entirely, but it is worth noting the striking similarities in how Brontë depicts these scenes of groping and declarations of ownership â€" down to the repeated, specific use of the word seize. Its also worth remembering Brontës stated commitment to depicting vice as it is and not as it would like to appear. Seen in this light, Gilberts behaviour becomes, perhaps, Brontës own iteration, perhaps, of yes, all men. Like both Helens husband and her would-be-lover, Gilbert deliberately ignores Helen’s indirect but unmistakable efforts to rebuff him. When he enters Helens hope uninvited he notes she seemed agitated, and even dismayed at my arrival” and later, after confessing his feelings, he admits to Helen “ ‘You could not have given me less encouragement.’” Gilberts letters recalling this period reveals that he has convinced himself Helen rejected him, not because she meant it, but because it gives her pleasure to do so. In other words, she may have said no, but he knows she means yes. Gilbert’s romantic confession bears all the hallmarks of Helens similar crises with the other two men. By his own account he holds her against her will and tells her she belongs to him. He describes in his letter: “ ‘you must â€" you shall be mine!’ And starting from my seat in a frenzy of ardor, I seized her hand and would have pressed it to my lips, but she suddenly caught it away.” Helen does not have to threaten to stab Gilbert to get him to leave, but she does have to ask him four times before he finally agrees to go. Before he leaves, he seizes her hand again and gives it the kiss she previously struggled against. There was an almost uncanny resonance to reading these scenes: a woman grabbed, held against her will, forced to endure a mans kisses, and forced to hear him tell her he owns her and will do what he likes. As accusations of sexual assault against Donald Trump have mounted over the past few weeks, sexual assault â€" not only penetrative rape but molestation, groping, and forced kisses â€"has been the subject of sustained conversation. The wider context in which these assaults occur felt uncomfortably familiar as well: one in which a woman’s account will not be believed without a man’s supporting testimony and in which a woman who has already suffered violations is forced to open herself up to further humiliation and expose the details of her pain before anyone will believe or help her. Moments before Helen is forced to draw a knife on Hargrave, he attempts to manipulate Helen into becoming his mistress by flatly telling her that no one will believe she is fleeing her husband alone; everyone will assume she has a lover, so she might as well take him. When he notices one of Helens husbands friends has been spying on them, Hargrave is gleeful, taunting her with the fact that in the eyes of the world, her virtue is now lost. The truth will not matter. It’s despicable, but it isn’t entirely incorrect. Mere minutes later Huntington arrive and curses Helen for her infidelity. Helen is indignant and forcefully denies yielding to Hargrave, but their friends all snicker disbelievingly. It is only when she calls Hargrave back to vouch for her and when the other men see his anger evident on his face that they believe her. It takes a mans testimony to make it true. Later, when Helen confides in her brother Frederick that she plans to leave her husband, she is forced to go into painful, humiliating detail about the abuse she suffers from her husband to convince Frederick to help her escape: “[H]e looked upon my project as wild and impracticable; he deemed my fears for Arthur disproportionate to the circumstances, and opposed so many objections to my plan, and devised so many milder methods for ameliorating my condition, that I was obliged to enter into further details to convince him that my husband was utterly incorrigible.” Even Helens own brother doesnt believe her. Even he wants proof. The language here â€" wild, disproportionate, ameliorate â€" is all too familiar. This same phrasing crops up whenever a woman appears on the news telling her story: shes crazy. Shes exaggerating. Okay maybe he did it, but isnt she carrying on just a little too much? ********** I have had to update this several times in the process of writing it, but at the time of submission, eleven women have come forward to accuse Donald Trump of sexual assault. It has been plastered across the news around the world and is nigh inescapable in North American media. We have all heard, straight from his own mouth, that he loves to grab women by their genitals and forcibly kiss them. We have heard him say you can do whatever you want to a woman when you have a certain kind of power. We have heard some of his victims describe the ways in which he grabbed their bodies or forced them against a wall or held them down and forced his tongue in their mouths. We have heard him then turn around and call these women liars. We have heard people believe him. To see these same scenarios play out in Brontës novel one hundred and seventy years ago makes it painfully clear how little has changed. When I read a novel set in a time when women couldn’t vote, own property, or have custody of their children and I realize that an quick update of Brontës nineteenth-century prose could see any one of the scenes she depicts published in todays news, Im angry. When I see that twenty-first century “locker rooms” (or buses or airplanes) are little safer for women than nineteenth-century drawing rooms, I’m furious. Anne Brontë died a few short years after publishing The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. She did not live to see legislative changes including the Matrimonial Causes Act or Married Womens Property Act of 1870. She did not live to see the slow hard-won changes to society and law that would have saved the character she wrote and the women she wrote for so much pain. I do not know if she died with a small part of her still angry about the truths she illuminated with her book. All I know is that she wasn’t as mild  as she seemed. All I know is if we judge her by the words on the page, her anger did not seem the fading kind. Great literature resonates; it reaches across time and space and sets your heart ringing like a bell. Great literature urges you to see yourself in someone else and someone else in you. I would never want a great novel to lose that power. But rereading The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and hearing the clarion call of Anne Brontë’s anger pealing in time with my own, I cant help but hope that a time will come when this particular story will resonate just a little less. I hope that one day women will read these passages and see nothing of their life at all. I hope I get to see it in my lifetime. Until then, Ill stay angry.

Rousseau s Hypothetical State Of Nature - 1417 Words

By comparison, Rousseau’s hypothetical State of Nature, theory of human nature, and resulting sovereign was quite different. While Rousseau also considered humans to be savages existing without a state, to him they were essentially free to do what they would, content, equal, and living in peace, uncorrupted by the modern progress of civilization. Physical freedom, however, came not without limitations, such as the preclusion of the existence of rationality and morality. People wandered nomadically, bumped into others, created language, and lived simply unencumbered by passions. They had but two natural passions, that of self-preservation and that of pity, or compassion. One person was responsible for just one task, which was why peace was so easy to maintain. Rousseau found fault with the State of Nature, that problems emerged when it came time to protect everyone’s life, liberty, and property while still maintaining individual freedom. When people came together inequal ity arose as they discovered they could do more than one task. This was the beginning of property and slavery. Now, where in the previously they weren’t, the people were now slaves to their passions. Rousseau went further, in fact, he actually dispossessed classic theories of human nature from the ideas of personal property, rule of law, and ethical inequality. He argued these evolved as humans progressed towards modern society. Rousseau argued that war and violence erupted when people began to claim ownershipShow MoreRelatedThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers the notion of the State of Nature, a concept used to describe the hypothetical conditions of human life before the development of societies, is important in determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. In this essay I am going to use the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau to explain how their notions of the State of Nature shape the way they envisionRead MoreAnalyzing the Ideas of Locke and Hobbes on the State of Nature704 Words   |  3 Pagespondered debates among political philosophers concerns the state of nature concept underlying much of social contract theory, with the esoteric term being used to describe the hypothetical human condition which logically preceded th e institution of organized government. Engaging in a rigorous deconstruction of this hypothetical condition, one defined by a societal structure in which mans rights are not protected by the power of the state, provided political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and JohnRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience1124 Words   |  5 Pageslaws to keep everyone s rights safe, our government is a democracy since we were once under a tyrannical government, and it keeps order. Three famous writers known as Henry David Thoreau with Civil Disobedience, Niccolo Machiavelli with The Qualities of a Prince, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau with The Origin of Civil Society wrote about a civilized society versus a tyrannical government. Sometimes their views agreed with mine and other times they did not. Henry David Thoreau s writing, Civil DisobedienceRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues thatRead MoreA Discourse On Inequality By Rousseau2135 Words   |  9 PagesWithin â€Å"A Discourse on Inequality†, Rousseau reveals a core trait of his philosophy that wasn’t present in any of his predecessors; his faith and trust in the inherent goodness of man. Many of the negative, evil aspects of humanity that he devotes so much of his time to arguing against do not arise from men, but rather from various socio-political institutions. Rousseau was a strong writer, and like any strong writer he used many different rhetorical tactics in his arguments. Rousseau’s strongestRead MoreRousseau s Influence On Politics And Literature1991 Words   |  8 Pagesand other drafts that he had made of the constitutions for both Poland and Corsica. Generally, Rousseau is seen as a moralist rather than a metaphysician in the sense that he is unavoidable while learning about history and political influence in relation to the French revolution and as well a political theorist. His thoughts are well thought out and begin with the assumption that human beings by nature are good and observations that on the other hand in society we are not good, and that the fallRead MoreJohn Rawls : A Theory Of Justice Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pages John Rawls is a world renowned, American political philosopher of the twentieth century. His views on the state of nature, society, and politics were much more distinct from previous philosophers, and his more modern or progressive life experiences can c ontribute to the separation between him and others, such as Aristotle, Hobbes, or Rousseau. However, he does have certain ideas and point of views that correlate with the views of those that Immanuel Kant expresses, and more specifically Rawls wasRead MoreThomas Hobbes Biography And View On Justice1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthe organism believes that a state of nature in human kind will eventually become a state of war of all against all. He attempted to justify the absolute power of the sovereign on the basis of a hypothetical social contract in which individuals seek to protect themselves from one another by agreeing to obey the sovereign in all matters. The key element in Hobbes’s view on human nature was the importance of desires. He believes Law is the regulation over human kind`s essential selfishness. His worksRead MoreHobbes Account of the State of Nature and the Formation of Society2590 Words   |  10 PagesDiscuss and explain Hobbes’ account of â€Å"the s tate of nature† and the formation of society as presented in Chapters 13 and 14 of Leviathan. â€Å"The state of Nature† the natural condition of mankind deduced by, the 17th century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes in his book â€Å"Leviathan†. It is concept of the time period before the establishment of the government. It is the theory to denote the hypothetical condition of what the lives of the human beings might have been like before the civil society cameRead More Nature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A debate between psychologist, scientists and philosopher thinkers on the spectrum of ‘nature vs. nurture’ arose concerning human development. In the nature versus nurture debate, the term nature refers to the genes we inherit while the term nurture refers to our outside environment (Nature vs. Nurture: Twin and Adoption Studies). This debate of ‘nature vs. nurture’ has existed for centuries and up to now it is still a topic of major discussion although at present time. Human development

Geography Coursework †Merry Hill Free Essays

Course Work Aims: The aim of my course work is to investigate if three shopping centres in the west midlands can be placed into shopping hierarchies. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that * Merry hill will have a bigger sphere of influence than Kidderminster and Dudley * Merry hill will have a better environment than Kidderminster and Dudley * Merry hill will have more comparison shops than Kidderminster and Dudley Justification of hypothesis: I predict that the settlements will fit in the following hierarchy. First Prediction: People will travel farther – I predict that Merry Hill will be at the top of the hierarchy because it is more accessible (roads, bus routes, railway links and motorway), it contains better facilities (shops, restaurants, car parks), it will also have high order goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Coursework – Merry Hill or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Merry Hill contains all of the following, it will be at the top of the hierarchy. I predict that Dudley will be at the bottom of the hierarchy because it is less accessible than Merry Hill and Kidderminster, it has low quality facilities compared to Merry Hill and Kidderminster and it mainly supplies low order goods. To prove this I will collect car registrations and shopper surveys. Second prediction: Environment Quality – I predict that Merry Hill will have the highest quality of environment because it is undercover, there is no litter and it has good air conditioning, weather doesn’t affect the shoppers, there are lots of bins, greenery all around the car park, CCTV, guards and cleaners o clean up the area so everything is very hygienic. I predict that the environment with the lowest environmental quality will be Dudley because there isn’t any cover as it is outdoors, litter everywhere, no air conditioning, and no bins, not a lot of greenery, no CCTV and no guards. To prove this I will carry out an environmental survey. Third Prediction: Tourists and Comparison Shops – I predict that Merry Hill will have the most tourists and comparison shops because the large number of shops means that there will be a wider range of shops to compare and also as most shops sell high order goods, they are well known and this will help attract tourists. I predict that Dudley will have few comparison and convenience stores because it’s a small shopping centre, which means that there will be fewer shops meaning you will have less shops to compare. To prove this I will carry out a shop survey, listing all the shops each settlement consists of. Geographical Information: Shopping habits have changed due to the new technology and, the higher prices of products having been introduced, meaning more and more people are likely to compare prices in different shops before buying anything, whereas before all prices were rather similar. More shops have also been introduced, which has also caused shopping habits to change. In the future shopping hierarchies may have totally changed. There is a possibility that the smaller shopping centres may slowly start to increase moving higher in the hierarchy. Also larger shopping centres may slowly deteriorate especially as there are so many shops all around that are closing down. The advantages of out of town shopping centres are: * Firstly, the shopping centres have a lot of comparison shops, so shoppers can buy the cheapest product. * As there are more shops in one area shoppers have a larger variety of products to choose from, so there are bound to be a larger number of comparison shops. * Another advantage of having an out of town shopping centre is that people are likely to go there and it increases tourism. The disadvantages of out of town shopping centre: * Firstly out of town shopping centres increase traffic jams as there is an increasing of traffic * Out of town shopping centres increase the level of noise pollution on the road * Next out of town shopping centres allow more congestion on the road * Lastly, out of town shopping centres increase pollution on a whole and also contribute majorly to global warming Methods of data collection: Data was collected over a period of two days. On the first day, we visited Kidderminster (Old and New). On the second day we visited Merry Hill and Dudley. We worked in a group of three or more because then we would be able to get other people’s opinions and so we can collect data faster, before time runs out. Primary Data: We recorded 50 car registrations for each area to work out how far people had travelled to come to these shopping centres. This data was collected in order to work out where the cars had been registered to give us some idea as to the sphere of influence of each settlement. At each location we completed 5 environmental surveys to access the quality of the environment. This was done by scoring the environment on a number of indi9cators on a sliding scale from (o-5), with 0 being poor and 5 being excellent. The surveys were taken at roughly equal spacing in each settlement and marked clearly on the map. The scores were our own personal feeling of the environment and may have been skewed by bad weather conditions and time of day i.e. rush hour. We listed all of the shops recording if they were comparison or convenience shops. We collected this data because it gave us an idea of whether the shops were mainly sold high or low order goods and it helped show us the sphere of influence of the location. Secondary Data: To support my primary data I collected background information for each settlement from the internet, I looked at bus routes for each settlement which would show the accessibility of the areas, I looked at maps of each area o show the size of each area and I collected data on the history of each settlement. How to cite Geography Coursework – Merry Hill, Papers

Learning free essay sample

I’d always made myself believe I was invincible, never worrying about the warnings that’d been thrown at me. Each year going by was bringing sixteen closer and closer. Everything about sixteen had been appealing, but what stuck out the most was the jingling of the keys to a car that would soon be mine. Patience at fifteen, with a permit and no way out, is more difficult than anything I’d ever imagined. My parents had laughed when sixteen came and I had my escape. The only problem was I wasn’t really free. They’d thrown out ideas of a job, which could provide me things I’d come to expect to be given to me. At an innocent age of sixteen, a job sounded delightful, offering me a way out. With money I could buy a car and gas. With that money I could buy my freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Would they, could they, call me a child when I could show them I could take care of myself? The one question I’d thought but, the questions I should’ve asked were, â€Å"Could I do this? Could I handle a job and school?† And at the time I believed it would be easy. I’d watched my mom be strong for us, while handling a job, and knew I could handle a job. The balance between my job and school was and still is difficult to keep even. Eight hours of work at school, then four or five hours of work at night, an hour or two of homework, and then finally managing to fall asleep somewhere between eleven and midnight. But what a job has taught me is to see responsibility in a completely different way. I’d always thought responsibility was something you could choose to do, the consequences of not doing them never bothering me. But after working for almost two years, I’ve learned you can choose not to face your responsibilities but you should face them in order to grow.

The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement Free Online Research Papers The Civil rights was about gaining right for African Americans and Women. Many people in the north opposed the unfair treatment of African American. African Americans in the north had it much better, voted freely, and discrimination was hardly noticeable. The Thirteenth Amendment officially outlawed slavery, which freed thousands of slave, also outlawed any forced labor. But they weren’t exactly free they didn’t have full rights. When the Civil War ended many southern states passed the black codes, which kept African Americans from keeping a certain job, limited their property rights and restricted them in many other ways. States government may not take an individual’s life, liberty, or property without due process of law. There were many cases where the supreme court ignored the interpretation of the fourteenth amendment. Last civil war amendments, means no state can take away a person’s voting rights on the foundation of race, color or previous enslavement.† Suffrage-the right to vote- to African Americans.† The Fifteenth Amendment only protected men in practice. Various states had the power to decide whether women could vote. The nineteenth didn’t guarantee women the right to vote. With Leaders like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped the slow process of the suffrage of women. The nineteenth amendment protected the rights of women to vote in all national elec tion and state election. The twenty-third amendment African Americans and were not the only citizens who were denied voting rights. Because the district is not a state, the people who lived there were initially allowed to vote in national elections. But the 23rd amendment changed that in 1961. In the Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. Most of the southern states had poll taxes, which was where they required voters to pay a sum of money before casting a vote. So many Africans Americans couldn’t afford the tax. And many poor Americans couldn’t vote either. But in 1964 the national government made it illegal in the national election, which was all due to the twenty-fourth amendment. On August 23, 1963, there were over 200,000 people marching through Washington D.C. That was the day that Martin Luther King made the speech â€Å" I Have A Dream.† Which change the world forever. Many African Americans faced unfair treatment because of their race. African Americans and whites were separated in pubic places like schools. They even had to ride in the back of the bus even if the front of the bus was empty. This was all known as segregation. It took African Americans and women more that 100 years to gain their rights. Many Americans were against the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"In 1909 a group of African Americans and whites founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)† they usually worked through courts to test laws and customs that denied African Americans their rights. Then in 1910, more troubled citizens formed the national Urban League, which was formed to aid the growing number of African Americans in the cities like helping them find jobs. Millions supported the Civil Rights movement. In 1948 president Harry Truman put an end to segregation in the armed forces. The biggest success was when the supreme court made the decision of the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas, which was to end segregation in public schools. The National government came up with this program called Affirmative Action which was to make up for past discrimination. It promoted hiring of minorities and women. Colleges even practiced it too by helping minoritys go to college. Every year there a 75000 complaints are filed in because of Racial discrimination in the workplace. â€Å"Some Americans even become victims of hate crimes because their race, color, gender, Sexuality, or disability. Personally I think that the civil rights movement was the best thing that could happen to America. We have one of the best countries in the world. And everybody that is in it make it what it is. Everyday you see that people still discriminate against everybody. I mean people will sit there and try to call white people racist, when I feel that half of the time white people are being discriminated by a lot of African Americans. Research Papers on The Civil Rights Movement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The Life and Works of David Ricardo - a Biography

The Life and Works of David Ricardo - a Biography David Ricardo - His Life David Ricardo was born in 1772. He was the third of seventeen children. His family was descended from Iberian Jews who had fled to Holland in the early18th Century. Ricardo’s father, a stockbroker, emigrated to England shortly before David was born. Ricardo began working full-time for his father at the London Stock Exchange when he was fourteen. When he was 21 his family disinherited him when he married a Quaker. Luckily he already had an excellent reputation in finance and he set up his own business as a dealer in government securities. He quickly became very rich. David Ricardo retired from business in 1814 and was elected to the British parliament in 1819 as an independent representing a borough in Ireland, which he served up to his death in 1823. In parliament, his main interests were in the currency and commercial questions of the day. When he died, his estate was worth over $100 million in todays dollars. David Ricardo - His Work Ricardo read Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations (1776) when he was in his late twenties. This sparked an interest in economics that lasted his whole life. In 1809 Ricardo began to write down his own ideas in economics for newspaper articles. In his Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock (1815), Ricardo articulated what came to be known as the law of diminishing returns. (This principle was also discovered simultaneously and independently by Malthus, Robert Torrens, and Edward West). In 1817 David Ricardo published Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. In this text, Ricardo integrated a theory of value into his theory of distribution. David Ricardo’s attempts to answer important economic issues took economics to an unprecedented degree of theoretical sophistication. He outlined the Classical system more clearly and consistently than anyone before had done. His ideas became known as the Classical or Ricardian School. While his ideas were followed they slowly were replaced. However, even today the Neo-Ricardian research program exists.

Homework 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Homework 4 - Assignment Example When the first rocket was launched, it made us aware that the world is limited in its resources and space. There is a limit to the amount of life the earth can hold. The destruction to the environment by humanity presents new challenges that plants and animals have adapted. However, the destruction has reached an extreme scale. Species there are over one and a half billion that have been discovered by scientists. There is just a small representation of the diversity of animals that exists all over the world. Most people just appreciate the big animals like elephants. Lions in the savannahs but there are also a great diversity of small animals like mosquitoes, the sea holds so much life beneath it, but most of it remains a mystery. There are many cases of extinction on the face of the planet of big animals but if small animals were to be extinct, the world would face a crisis as they form the foundations of the earth. Extinction has become massive on a scale of 100 t0 1000 due to human activities like deforestation. Is there an importance to preserve our biodiversity. The answer is yes. The eco-environment provides us with soil and cleanses our air all free. Most importantly, we should focus on handing down an environment full of rich biodiversity to the next

Financial Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Plan - Assignment Example Depreciation of truck is at 10% straight line method 2.50 vending machines were purchased 3. The selling price and the purchase prices do not change over the five years 4. On the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized 5. The purchase price for meals, snacks and drinks are 4$, 0.75$ and 0.75$ respectively 6. The selling price for meals, snacks and drinks are 5$, 1$ and 1$ respectively 7. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units and 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. 8. On the beginning of the fourth year were acquired a new truck for delivery. It is to be depreciated at 10% straight line method. A detailed description on how to plan the startup requirements I conducted an analysis of the places to start the business. This are places where people require fast foods and drinks. I located ten sites and f or each site five vendor machines are to be placed. The starting capital of the business is 300k, 100 from the team and 200 from outsiders. This amount is to be distributed equally among assets, labor, and maintenances among other expenses. Vending machine being the most important asset is the first to be purchased. A vendor machine cost 200 and purchases for fifty machines were made and distributed at each location. Products provide are; meals, drinks and snacks at each vendor. As I begin, drinks are bought at four dollars and sold at five dollars realizing a profit of a dollar per drink. Meals are bought at .75 and sold at a dollar similarly to snacks realizing a profit of a .25 dollar per meal and snack. The units per the product served rise at a half percent in semiannual basis during the five year period. After every 6 months we increased purchases by half of the previous period up to the third year. For the fourth year and fifth year, the purchases were 400 units, 2000 units a nd 2000 units per month for meals, snacks and drinks respectively. This help account for business growth and development of the business. At the starting periods many variable assets are inclusive thus the reason of lower starting stock, as progress is made profits are realized within the period thus on the third year we replaced 10 vending machines that were vandalized. CASHFLOW STATEMENT YR 1 Sources of fund Equity 100 Investors 200 Capital available 300 Sales 2205 Reserves 180 Expenditures Vending machines 100 Truck 10 CCTV cameras 10 Purchases 1725 Balance sheet after year 5 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Vending machine (50 units) 100 Truck (2 units) 20 Less depreciation 7 13 CCTV for security (50 units) 10 CURRENT ASSETS Bank Cash Stock 45 FINANCED BY Equity 100 Investors 200 Net profit 2901.063 Break analysis chart At the breakeven point revenue=expenditure References Williams Jade (2008). Finance and accounting. Stanford publishers, Canada Hilliard, V. E. (2007). Financial accounting 8t h edition. Oxford

JANE AUSTEN: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE Essay -- English Literature

JANE AUSTEN: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE A Critical Analysis The opening chapter of the novel gives us a brief introduction to the lives of the Bennets. Mrs Bennet’s sole purpose in life is to marry of her daughters to wealthy young men. It begins with Mr and Mrs Bennet having a conversation about marrying of their daughters as soon as possible. Mrs Bennet tells her husband about a young man who has taken possession of Netherfield and about how they should make it a point to visit him and introduce their daughters to him so he can marry one of them. Mr Bennet is seemingly uninterested and is sarcastic about the idea, which partly angers his wife. The use of humour in the opening chapter is brought out by Mr Bennet through his responses to his wife, and also through Austen’s own comments. This is first outlined after Mr Bennet says to his wife, â€Å"You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.†, Austen comments ‘This was invitation enough’. This is a funny statement and in its humour Austen manages to bring out character trait of both Mr and Mrs Bennet. Mrs Bennet is shown to be very enthusiastic, talkative, and ultimately a bit of a gossip. Mr Bennet, on the other hand, is shown to be a passive person. When Mr Bennet says, â€Å"for as you are handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.†, it shows him to be a humorous person and has the effect of bringing life to the text. Towards the end of the chapter Mr Bennet once again brings out the aspect of humour when he says, â€Å"I have high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these twenty years at least.†. This once again brings out his wife’s character, as a relativ... ...en also creates tension in the first chapter by not introducing Mr Bingley. We are simply made aware of his existence. This makes the curious about his character. Many aspects of the book, for example any ideas that the reader might have about how the story will unfold, are not confirmed by Austen, thus creating tension and leaving the reader curious if the story unfolds the way they thought it would. Austen manages to captivate the reader in the first chapter. She mainly uses humour and sarcasm to achieve this effect. In this chapter we are shown the importance of Mr and Mrs Bennet to each other. Mrs Bennet needs her husband to keep her from going out of hand, and he needs his wife to add humour to his life through her being ridiculous. The firs chapter of Pride and Prejudice is extremely well written and makes the reader not want to put down the book.

Family structure Essay

Marriage and divorce statistics show that the Australian people can safe   there family and stay long together, according to the statistics which were currently done on marriage, they show that the people who are married they are still staying together and taking care of there families while the divorce rate is at a very lower rate. The family formation in Australia is complex but it is defined as two people or more people related by blood, marriage. In Australia the family is either composed of couples with or without co-resident of any age, lone parents with co-resident children and other families’ member such as brothers’ sisters living together where by no parent –child exists. Research   has also shown that the number of families that are living in Australia are residents of Australia, and the number of children without there families is very minimal, research has also shown that adoption rate is very high in Australia. Due to the different culture in Australia women and men are the essential elements in life, they understand the importance of a family and understand the structure of a family the culture proposes on the importance of a family to the Australian people and how a man and a woman should be treated in the basis of a family. A man and a woman bring up a family and with this understanding there is need of a man and a woman to play a vital role in the society, therefore there relationship should be valued, in Australia gender relationships are not strict and there are no cultures that support any strict issue on gender relationships. The Arabian have an extended type of a family where by each person is regarded as a basic unit of the society. Therefore this influence of the extended family has an impact on the social and political life in Saudi Arabia. Within this type of a family there is the respect for age, gender roles of men as provider’s and women playing a role in the house hold issues A woman life in Saudi Arabia (2008). The family decisions are always made by the father who is the head of the family although any person who is a member of the family has to give opinions but not in the making of the decisions. Socially this type of family came as a result of the way they live, the Saudi Arabia people socialize among themselves, they marry and they do there business together Marriages and divorces, Australia. (2009). Traditions have supported this type of family structure that is through the strong background of Islamic rules economic and political ideas. Gender in Saudi Arabia is very strict for most of the families and has some cultural habit. The way they figure out the gender role some traditional cultures are very supportive on them for example the role of women in Saudi Arabia are regarded as not obligatory in that certain task are limited to them, they are not supposed to be seen in making decision in fact they should look upon the manhood for the decision making, they cannot be leaders in anyway this is because the inherited culture on women has subjected them up to today to remain dominant Holmes (2008). In Saudi Arabia only men are supposed to vote no woman who is supposed to vote on any political leader, therefore politics have been dominated by the manhood not the women. In Saudi Arabia education has been referred mainly to men, research has shown that the number of people who are educated in Saudi Arabia are men, they have negative impact on educating a woman whereby there traditions define that a woman is supposed to remain and take good care of the house hold wile the man needs to go and work, therefore education is very important to a man not a woman Faith and Freedom (1995) Conclusion The family structure in Saudi Arabia is different from the family structure in Australia. Saudi Arabia people have been driven by there inherited traditions and culture as well as there beliefs on the way of a family, the role played by each member of the family is still remains unchanged. Alsabt. M. (2006) According to the Australian structure of family it has evolved from its traditions to the modernity way of a family. REFERENCES A woman life in Saudi Arabia (2008) http://americanbedu.com/2008/03/06/a woman’s -life-in-saudi-arabia(accessed April 23,2010) Effect of family structure on life satisfaction Australian evidence (2010) http:ideas.repec.org/p/iae/iaewps/wp2004n24.html. (Accessed April 22, 2010) Marriages and divorces, Australia. 2009. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/3310.0 accessed April,2010 Holmes,m 2008. Gender and Everyday life. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. http://reader.elib.com.au.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/Reader.aspx?p=350241&o96&u=%2fv (accessed April 24, 2010) Faith and Freedom (1995) women’s human rights in the Muslim world, Syracuse University Press Alsabt. M. (2006) Arabian Business and Cultural Guide http://www.traderscity.com/abcg/cultur11.htm (accessed April 25,2010)

Similarities and Differences Btw Realism and Naturalism in...

Similarities and Differences between Naturalism and Realism Both Naturalism and Realism were the genres of literature that appeared after the Civil War in the United States. The Realism and Naturalism first originated in Europe as a response to the Romanticism and Napoleonic War. People suffered from their misfortune and got depressed from the situation on which nothing had left but misery after the war. Likewise, in America, Realism and Naturalism came out in response to the miserable war, the Civil War. People lost their houses, families, properties and other things that they used to have. They realized the Romanticism on which emphasized imagination never worked to their wretched life and God would never salvage them from the†¦show more content†¦In both stories, characters are trying to survive, or get over the situation. And, because of the harsh setting that they’re facing, they often feel regretful to their decision. In the story â€Å"To build the fire,† the man is an experiment source under the freezing weather . He’s trying to survive from the forest. However, the external force is stronger than him. Before he decided to traverse the forest, he believed that he could do it. As the weather is getting colder, he regretted that why he ignored advice of Creek, the Indian chief. It was too late to go back when he regretted about his decision. The quote says â€Å"The old-timer on Sulfur Creek was right, he thought in the moment of controlled despair that ensued.† In addition, in â€Å"The red badge of courage,† the character is trying to survive during the war. At the beginning, the main character was very timid and didn’t have any courage to fight bravely. He just ran away from the troops as the enemies were seizing them. He was afraid of dying in the middle of war, and wanted survive from it. He reminded his mother often time, too. The book quoted â€Å"Her brown face, upraised, was stained with tears, and her spare form was quivering. He felt suddenly ashamed of his purposes† Even though both Realism and Naturalism came out at the same time thus shared lots of similarities, they also had different views. One of the disparities was writing